Surface water analysis

1. Ponds
2. Rivers
3. Springs
4. Coastal areas and estuaries
5. Affluents
6. Balneability

It is important to emphasize that the selection of collection points should be based on a careful analysis of the characteristics of the watershed, nearby human activities, and the specific objectives of the surface water analysis. In addition, it is essential to follow proper sample collection protocols to ensure the representativeness and accuracy of the results.

Type of analyses performed in surface water, within the process:

• Physicochemical analyses include parameters such as pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), among others. These parameters help in understanding the physical and chemical characteristics of the water, as well as in identifying possible sources of contamination.
• Metal analysis involves the detection and quantification of metallic elements present in water, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, and zinc, among others. The excessive presence of heavy metals can be harmful to human health and aquatic ecosystems, so their evaluation is essential to ensure water safety.
• Microbiological analyses aim to detect the presence of pathogenic organisms, such as fecal coliforms, bacteria, and viruses, which can indicate fecal contamination and represent risks to public health. In addition, the presence of algae, cyanobacteria, and other microorganisms is also evaluated.

Surface water analysis helps us to take preventive and corrective measures, enabling the implementation of effective environmental management strategies.

CONAMA Resolution No. 357 establishes guidelines and classifies waters into different types, according to their uses and characteristics. The types of water defined are:

1. Freshwater: Those with low salinity content, used in agriculture, industry, public supply, and even for human consumption, among other uses.
2. Brackish Water: Those with intermediate salinity levels, generally located in coastal regions or in areas where saline intrusion occurs. They are limited for direct human consumption, but can be used in agricultural and industrial activities.
3. Saltwater: those with a high salinity content, such as that found in the oceans.

EP Analytics is the EP Group’s INMETRO accredited laboratory for environmental analyses. We have been the fastest growing accredited laboratory of environmental analysis in Brazil for 6 years.